Old-Age Poverty in Indonesia: Empirical Evidence and Policy Options – A Role for Social Pensions aims at filling several evidence gaps in the discussion on elderly and old-age poverty in Indonesia. Firstly it provides a detailed and comprehensive picture of the socio-economic circumstances of the current elderly generation. By doing so it provides Indonesia’s first nationally representative poverty assessment on the elderly addressing aspects of education, health and remittances as well as poverty measurement. Second, the report outlines Indonesia’s legal, political and programme commitments to alleviate old-age poverty and contrasts it with recent international experience on pension reform. This report discusses in particular the benefits of social pensions for Indonesia’s elderly, and outlines the pros-and cons of poverty-targeted and universal pension schemes. Finally, the report provides ex-ante simulation results on the poverty and fiscal impacts for selected social pension schemes.